Which of the following is NOT considered a cultural control?

Cultural control methods are practices that modify the agricultural environment to reduce pest populations or damage. These methods typically involve changes in agricultural practices that are sustainable and can improve crop health and yield while minimizing reliance on chemical controls.

Treating seeds with a fungicide is a preventive action directly involving the application of chemicals to protect the seeds from diseases. This approach does not fall under cultural control since it relies on altering the pest environment through chemical intervention rather than through agricultural practices. Cultural controls such as crop rotation, improving soil health, and effective irrigation management work to disrupt pest life cycles and enhance crop resilience in a more ecological manner.

Therefore, the correct answer is identifying that seed treatment with fungicide does not align with the principles of cultural control, which focus on environmentally sustainable practices rather than chemical applications.